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SAP Solution Manager (Diagnostics agent) - version 7.20, allows an attacker to tamper with headers in a client request. This misleads SAP Diagnostics Agent to serve poisoned content to the server. On successful exploitation, the attacker can cause a limited impact on confidentiality and availability of the application.
CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.2. CVSS Attack Vector: network. CVSS Attack Complexity: low. CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:L).
In the following Java example, user-controlled data is added to the HTTP headers and returned to the client. Given that the data is not subject to neutralization, a malicious user may be able to inject dangerous scripting tags that will lead to script execution in the client browser.
response.addHeader(HEADER_NAME, untrustedRawInputData);This code displays an email address that was submitted as part of a form.
Email Address: <%= email %>The value read from the form parameter is reflected back to the client browser without having been encoded prior to output, allowing various XSS attacks (CWE-79).
Consider a chat application in which a front-end web application communicates with a back-end server. The back-end is legacy code that does not perform authentication or authorization, so the front-end must implement it. The chat protocol supports two commands, SAY and BAN, although only administrators can use the BAN command. Each argument must be separated by a single space. The raw inputs are URL-encoded. The messaging protocol allows multiple commands to be specified on the same line if they are separated by a "|" character.
First let's look at the back end command processor code
}# generate an array of strings separated by the "|" character.}# separate the operator from its arguments based on a single whitespaceExecuteBan($args);ExecuteSay($args);The front end web application receives a command, encodes it for sending to the server, performs the authorization check, and sends the command to the server.
print $fh "$cmd $argstr\n";# removes extra whitespace and also changes CRLF's to spacesdie "Error: you are not the admin.\n";# communicate with file server using a file handleIt is clear that, while the protocol and back-end allow multiple commands to be sent in a single request, the front end only intends to send a single command. However, the UrlEncode function could leave the "|" character intact. If an attacker provides:
SAY hello world|BAN user12then the front end will see this is a "SAY" command, and the $argstr will look like "hello world | BAN user12". Since the command is "SAY", the check for the "BAN" command will fail, and the front end will send the URL-encoded command to the back end:
SAY hello%20world|BAN%20user12The back end, however, will treat these as two separate commands:
BAN user12Notice, however, that if the front end properly encodes the "|" with "%7C", then the back end will only process a single command.
This example takes user input, passes it through an encoding scheme and then creates a directory specified by the user.
}return($ARGV[0]);return($str);system("cd /home/$uname; /bin/ls -l");The programmer attempts to encode dangerous characters, however the blacklist for encoding is incomplete (CWE-184) and an attacker can still pass a semicolon, resulting in a chain with command injection (CWE-77).
Additionally, the encoding routine is used inappropriately with command execution. An attacker doesn't even need to insert their own semicolon. The attacker can instead leverage the encoding routine to provide the semicolon to separate the commands. If an attacker supplies a string of the form:
' pwdthen the program will encode the apostrophe and insert the semicolon, which functions as a command separator when passed to the system function. This allows the attacker to complete the command injection.
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